About:

Norplant works by preventing ovulation, which means that no eggs are released for fertilization (although it does not succeed in this 100% of the time); by thickening the mucus of the cervix, which prevents sperm from entering; and by thinning the lining of the uterus, which makes implantation of an egg less likely. Because Norplant has the potential to prevent a successful pregnancy after fertilization occurs, some consider it (and other hormonal contraception, which works in the same way) to be abortive.

The way in which Norplant causes these effects is by use of hormones. A small amount of the hormone, progestin, is released through the capsules continuously, more during the first year and a half, but then at a level similar to most contraceptive pills afterward. According to studies completed, Norplant has been shown to be 99% - 99.95% effective at preventing pregnancy, and is one of the most reliable, though not the most available, forms of birth control around. It is important that people understand Norplant, however, does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.

How Taken:

Norplant is implanted under the skin in the upper arm of a woman, by creating a small incision and inserting the capsules in a fanlike shape. Insertion of Norplant usually takes 15 minutes and the capsules can sometimes be seen under the skin, although usually they look like small veins. They can also be felt under the skin. Once inserted, the contraceptive works within 24 hours and lasts up to five years.

Norplant should not be used in women with liver disease, breast cancer, or blood clots. Women who believe they may already be pregnant or those with vaginal bleeding should first see a physician. However, since Norplant does not contain estrogen like some birth control pills, older women, women who smoke, and women with high blood pressure are not restricted from using the system.

Side Effects:

After three months of using Norplant, women will need to schedule a follow-up appointment to monitor blood pressure and discuss any concerns.

Side effects may include: irregular menstrual periods for the first approximately three months, including periods lasting longer than normal, bleeding or spotting between periods, heavy bleeding, or going with no period for the mentioned period of time.

Common side effects include: weight gain, nervousness, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, mastalgia, dizziness, dermatitis/rash, hirsutism, scalp-hair loss, headache, depression, and acne. Sometimes, pain, itching or infection at the site of the implant will occur.

Removal:

Norplant can be removed at any time by creating a second incision and withdrawing the capsules. Norplant is normally removed when the five year period is over and reinsertion of a new set is preferred, or if:

* Pregnancy is desired
* Different birth control is preferred
* Complications arise